Senin, 28 Desember 2009
Happiness Expression
We can expressing happiness with :
* Word.
* Gesture.
Kind of expressing happiness :
v I like.
v I love.
v I’m satisfied with…………..
v I’m pleased with………….
v Congratulation.
v I’m very happy because………..
v Well down.
v That’s fantastic!
v That’s good!
v That’s great!
v That’s wonderful!
v That’s exciting.
v I’m so happy for you.
v I’m happy to hear that.
v I’m glad to know that.
v I’m so happy to know it.
v My happiness for you.
v I’m very happy for you.
v My deep impression for you both.
v You make me happy.
v How happy you must be!
v How happy you are!
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Advertisement
- Promotion.
- Comunication.
- Information.
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Listening: Make Me A Copy, Please
DESCRIPTION:
GOAL: Students will understand the need to be articulate when communicating.
OBJECTIVES:
1. The student will use descriptive explications to guide another student in completing the task.
2. The student will explain the importance of being articulate and the frustration when directions are unclear.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: This activity will teach student to explain what they see and guide another student in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.
CONCEPTS: Students will be able to:
1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing.
2. Follow directions as closely as possible.
3. Communicate with fellow students to accomplish the given task.
MATERIALS:
• Paper
• Crayon
• Overhead Projector or Large Visual
PROCEDURE:
1. Students will be paired up in groups of two. One student will sit facing the projection or visual and his/her partner facing away from the visual or projection.
2. It is essential that the students are sitting back to back so that the student explaining the steps is not able to see the drawing.
3. A visual or overhead is displayed in front of the class. The design should be simple shapes and lines of different lengths and dimensions.
4. The student facing the visual will explain to his/her partner how to reproduce the visual or projection.
5. The students will be given 5 - 10 minutes to complete this task.
6. The students will put away their picture without seeing the visual.
7. The students will switch positions.
8. The students will repeat the steps 1-6.
9. The students will be shown the visuals and take 5 minutes to critique the directions of the other student. At this point they still should not have seen the drawing done by their partner.
10. After critiquing their partner for probably being unclear in the directions they gave.
11. Finally the students will be given the drawing done by their partner and compare it to the original.
12. The students should now critique their own articulation abilities. The key is to focus on what they might have said in order to be more clear and not be defensive in blaming the other student.
ASSESSMENT: Ask students to share their feelings in trying to draw by directions and give directions with the class. Collect the reflections and see what students self critiqued instead of blaming. Provide comments to the students critiques, and return.
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Perfect tense: PPT
In linguistics, the perfect tense is the past tense used to describe completed (thus "perfect") actions in the past.
The perfect can be contrasted to the imperfect tense, which describes incomplete (thus "imperfect") actions in the past. The imperfect is sometimes called past continuous.
In most languages the perfect is constructed by the use of an auxiliary verb (either to be or to have) in the present and the past participle[dubious – discuss]. The tense thus describes an action which is presently in the past, in contrast to the pluperfect (for an action which in the past was already in the past) and the future perfect (an action which will be in the past).
Other names are sometimes given to the perfect tense. In English the perfect tense is often misleadingly referred to as the present perfect, an allusion to the auxiliary verb component in the present tense. The term "composed past" is also used in languages where this past tense is composed of an auxiliary and a participle.
In some languages, the perfect tense is effectively the same as the preterite tense, or the aorist tense, but these two terms are not actually synonymous with the perfect tense.
The structure of the perfect tense is :
Subject + auxiliary verb have + main verb past participle
Here are some examples of the present perfect tense.
Subject Auxiliary verb Main verb
+ I Have Seen ET
+ You Have Eaten Mine
- She Have Not Been To Rome
- We Have Not Played Football
? Have You Finished
? Have They Done It ?
Contractions with the present perfect tense
When we use the present perfect tense in speaking we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometime do this when we write.
I have I’ve
You have You’ve
He has
She has
It has
Jhon has
The car has He’s
She’s
It’s
Jhon’s
The car’s
We have We’ve
They have They’ve
Here are some examples :
- I’ve finished my work
- Jhon’s seen ET
- They’ve gone home
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Vocabs: Shapes, Parts of Body
Simple Straight sided shapes
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Simple Rounded shapes
Circle
Oval
Types of triangles
Equilateral triangle
Isosceles triangle
Right angled triangle
3D shapes
Cone
Cube
Cylinder
Pyramid
Rectangular Prism
Sphere
Mathematical shapes
Parallelogram
Pentagon - 5 sides
Hexagon - 6 sides
Octagon - 8 sides
Miscellaneous shapes
Coffin
Diamond
Heart
Kite
Petal
Shell
Star
Teardrop
November 2003
Revised: January 2009
English Vocabulary
The Human Body and Anatomy
Useful Vocabulary | Build Up | Naturally Speaking | Dialogues | Games and Tests
Useful Vocabulary
The Human Body
Close up on the foot Close up on the hand
Pronunciation Click here
Build Up
Inside the Body - Simple Anatomy
bladder The organ inside the body of a person, where urine is stored before it leaves the body.
brain The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feelings and activity.
digestive system The organs in your body that digest food.
ear The ear is made up of three different sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. These parts all work together so you can hear and process sounds.
eye 'The eyes takes in information about the world around you - shapes, colours, movement, and more. Then they send the information to your brain.
heart The heart sends blood around the body. The blood provides oxygen and nutrients to the body.
kidney One of the main jobs of the kidneys is to filter the waste out of the blood.
liver A large organ in the body which cleans the blood and produces bile (a bitter yellow liquid which helps to digest fat).
lungs The lungs are one of the largest organs in the body, they work with the respiratory system to take in fresh air, and get rid of stale air.
mouth The opening in the face which consists of the lips and the space between them, or the space behind which contains the teeth and the tongue.
skeleton The frame of bones that support the body.
spine The line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body.
teeth The hard white objects in the mouth, which are used for biting and chewing.
tooth (see above)
urinary tract The parts of the body which produce and carry urine.
Naturally Speaking
Describing aches and pains
If your head hurts: "I've got a headache." or "My head aches."
If your stomach hurts: "I've got stomach ache." or "My stomach aches."
If your back hurts: "I've got backache." or "My back aches."
If your neck hurts: "I've got neckache." or ""My neck aches."
If other parts of your body hurt: "I've got a pain in my arm / leg etc."
Dialogue
Listening Practise:-
Powered By ReadTheWords.com
It's Monday morning and Mr Smith has gone to see the doctor.
Doctor: Hello Mr Smith. We haven't seen you in a while. What seems to be the problem?
Mr Smith Well, I fell off the ladder whilst I was decorating and hurt my ankle. It swelled up and hasn't gone down since.
Doctor: OK - let's have a look, take off your shoe and sock and roll up your trouser leg.
(Examines ankle)
Ah yes, I think we had better send you to the hospital to get this X-rayed. You may have broken a bone.
Mr Smith: What? You're joking! No wonder it hurts so much.
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Reading
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols for the intention of deriving meaning (reading comprehension) and/or constructing meaning. Written information is received by the retina, processed by the primary visual cortex, and interpreted in Wernicke's area.
Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas.
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use morpheme, semantics, syntax and context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations.
Reading text is now an important way for the general population in many societies to access information and make meaning.
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Writing
Writing is an extension of human language across time and space. Writing most likely began as a consequence of political expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable means for transmitting information, maintaining financial accounts, keeping historical records, and similar activities. Around the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration outgrew the power of memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording and presenting transactions in a permanent form (Robinson, 2003, p. 36). In both Mesoamerica and Ancient Egypt writing may have evolved through calendrics and a political necessity for recording historical and environmental events.
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Jumat, 25 Desember 2009
Greetings
Greetings
• Greetings is customary or ritualized words or phrases used to introduce onself or to greet someone.
• Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two.
• Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.
In English, some common verbal greetings are :
Hi (say it when you meet with a person. Usually used in an informal situation).
Hello (say it when you meet a person).
How do you do? (say it when you greet a person for the first time).
How are you.
I’m glad to meet you.
I’m happy to meet you.
I’m pleased to meet you.
It’s nice to meet you.
It’s good to meet you.
It’s great to meet you.
Good morning (00.00am – 12.00am).
Good afternoon (12.00pm – 15.00pm).
Good evening (16.00pm – 24.00pm).
Good day.
God night.
Good bye (say it when you are leaving).
Responding to initial greetings are :
Hi.
Hello.
I’m very well.
I’m fine.
I’m glad to meet you too.
I’m happy to meet you too.
I’m pleased to meet you too.
It’s nice to meet you too.
It’s good to meet you too.
It’s great to meet you too.
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Good day.
Good night.
Excellent
Great.
Me too.
I’m not fine.
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Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense
The formula of Simple present tense :
• Nominal :
(+ ) S + to be + Complement (noun, adjective, and adverb).
( - ) S + to be + not + Complement.
( ? )to be + S + Complement + ?
Example :
(+ ) Reza is always happy.
( - ) Reza is not always happy.
( ? )Is Reza always happy?
• Verbal :
(+ ) S + Verb 1(s/es) + O.
( - ) S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O.
( ? )do/does + S + Verb 1 + O + ?
Example :
(+ ) I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.
( - ) I do not usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.
( ? )Do I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning?
Simple present tense used to show :
• Daily routines or habitual action :
Example :
(+ ) Hamirat always swims in the afternoon.
( - ) Hamirat does not always swim in the afternoon.
( ? )Does Hamirat always swim in the afternoon?
• An action that happen in the present time if followed with stative verbs. Example of stative verbs are : know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear, love, appear, see, like, seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound own and etc.
Example :
(+ ) They understand the problem now.
( - ) They don’t understand the problem now.
( ? )Do They understand the problem now?
Note :
1. In positive sentences or affirmative, add s/es to the main verbs of the sentences whose subject is the third person singular (he, she, it ). And if the sentences whose subject I, you, we, and they, so the verbs still in the main verbs.
2. In negative sentences, after subject he, she, and it used “does not”, and after subject I, you, we, and they used “do not”.
3. In interrogative sentences, in front subject he, she, and it used “does”, and in front subject I, you, we and they used “do”.
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Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
The formula of Simple Past Tense :
(+ ) S + Verb 2 + O.
( - ) S + did not + Verb 1 + O.
(? )Did + S + Verb 1 + O.
Simple past tense used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
Simple past tense also used to tell a story. The time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago ,long time ago, and last.
Example :
1. (+ ) Ichsan went to Singapore last year.
( - ) Ichsan did not go to Singapore last year.
(? ) Did Ichsan go to Singapore last year?
2. (+ ) They came to my house the day before yesterday.
( - ) They did not come to my house the day before yesterday.
(? ) Did they come to my house the day before yesterday?
3. (+ ) Salahudin bought a new car yesterday.
( - ) salahudin did not buy a new car yesterday.
(? ) Did Salahudin buy a new car yesterday?
4. (+ ) You left me alone last week.
( - ) You did not leave me alone last week.
(? ) Did you leave me alone last week?
Note :
1. In positive sentences, all of the main verb in the verb II (past tense).
2. In negative sentences, all of the main verb in the verb I.
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Procedure text
Procedure text
Procedure text is a text that designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different process in a sequence of steps. This text uses the simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also usually uses the temporal conjunctions, such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
The generic structure of procedure text :
Goal :
The final purpose of doing the instructions.
Materials :
Ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions.
Steps :
A set of instruction to achieve the final purpose.
Language features :
Use imperative. Example : cut, don’t mix, etc.
Use action verb. Example : turn, put, mix, etc.
Use connectivitas. Example : first, then, finally, next, etc.
Use adverbial phrases. Example : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top, etc.
Example of procedure text :
Goal :
Marble game.
Materials :
• One marble per shooter.
• A hole in ground.
• A line (distance) to start from.
Steps :
1. First you must dub (click marbles together).
2. Then check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.
3. Next you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the hole.
4. The first shooter carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.
5. Then the second shooter tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole than his or her opponent.
6. The shooter whose marble is closest to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble into the hole. The shooter flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.
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Narrative text
Narrative text
Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.
The generic structure of Narrative text : Orientation :
It set the scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and where).
2. Complication :
Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them.
3. Resolution :
The crisis is revolved, for better or worse.
4. Re-orientation :
The ending of the story.
5. Evaluation :
The stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
Linguistic features :
1. Use active verbs.
2. Use past tense.
3. Use conjunction.
4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use specific nouns.
6. Use adjective and adverbs
Kind of Narrative text :
1. Legend : Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc.
2. Fable : Mousedeer and crocodile.
3. Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc.
4. Science fiction
Example of Narrative text :
Landi The Porcupine
There was a porcupine named Landi. He was lonely. No one wanted to play with him because they were afraid of his spikes.
Dear Landi. We don’t want to play with you because your spikes are too sharp. We don’t want you to hurt us, “ said cici the rabbit one day.
“ Cici is right,Landi. It is not because you are bad or rude to us. No, Landi ! Just because of your spikes. They will stab us when we come close to you, “ said Tito the rooster.
Landi felt lonely. He Murmured , “ why don’t they want to play with me ?”
Landi spent most of the time day dreaming at the river bank. “ I would have lots of friends and play with them if no spikes were on my body. I would be happy. I would not be lonely like this. What a shame ! “ Suddenly , kuku the turtle appeared from the river . He came to Landi and said , Landi , what are you thinking of ?”
“Oh, nothing, Landi replied”.
“ Don’t lie to me , Landi . Please tell me your problem. Who knows I can help you, “ kuku said wisely . Then he sat beside Landi. He wasn’t afraid of Landi’s spikes .
Shortly , Landi told kuku his problem . Kuku nodded his head. He said, “ poor you. But it is not your fault. I know, your spikes are very useful and helpful to you. Your friends will realize it some day. Trust me., Landi”.
“Thank’s Kuku . You’re really my best friend. You are the only one here who wants to be my friend “.
One day, Sam the frog held his birthday party. He invited all his friends , including Landi . But he decided not to come He didn’t want to mess up the party .
“I’II come with you , Landi. I’II tell everyone that you are harm less,” said Kuku. Finally , Landi attended the party . Every one enjoyed it.
Suddenly , Tito ran here and there screaming , “ Help ….help….! The spikes evil wolf is coming . save your selves , then every one ran to save their lives, except Kuku andLandi . Kuku pulled his head and legs into his shell. Landi rolled his body into a ball.
Unintentionally, the evil wolf stepped his foot on Landi. Of course , the
Spikes pricked him. He screamed, ‘’ Ouch ! “ Since his foot was bleeding, he didn’t chase Landi’s friends any longer . Then he ran away.
“Horray….horray….! Long live Landi ! He saved our lives, “ said cici and her friends. Everyone shook Landi’s hand and than ked him. From then on, Landi wasn’t lonely any more . His friends knew that his spikes would not hurt anyone, unless they wanted to hurt Landi.
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Recount text
Recount text
Recount text is a kind of text to tells the reader a past event or experience in a chronological order. That’s why, it uses simple past tense.
Recount text usually focuses on a person’s past experience, so it usually uses the word “I or we”.
The generic structure of recount text :
Orientation :
Tells the readers who was involved in the story, what happened, where the story took place, and when it happened.
Events :
Tell the sequence of events.
Re-orientation :
Summarises the event.
Example of recount text :

When we got the park, there were not many people yet. David’s family was already there. They arrived there early to get the best picnic spot with an electronic barbecue grill nearby. When I arrived, they were cleaning the barbecue. They made sure the barbecue was clean. When it was clean, they turned the barbecue on by pushing the button. The electric stove turned on and the metal plate became hot.
David’s mother put some cooking oil on the metal plate, and after that put some sausages, beef steaks and some onions on the barbecue. Meanwhile, David’s father was preparing the bread, butter, and the drinks.
While waiting for the meat to cook, David and I joined our friends playing football. When we got tired, we stopped and enjoyed the sausages, steaks, and some cold softdrinks.
The food was delicious. I think David’s mother is one of the best cooks in the world.
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Announcement
Announcement
Announcement is “something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen”
In writing an announcement, keep the following points:
the title/type of event,
Date/time, place and
contact person
Example :
SMADA CUP
On 28th of August 2009 will be held the football rivalry between all high schools in Palangka Raya program will be held at SMAN-2 PALNGKA RAYA second field. For more information call Yosia (085251073358)
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Giving instruction
Giving instruction
Giving instruction is an expression for give or ask somebody to do something that we want.
Giving instruction same with imperative sentences.
Giving instruction are :
1. Command.
Verb (+ O).
• Example : Watch out, come here, etc.
• Please + V (+ O).
• Example : Please clean your room.
• V (+ O) + Please.
• Example : Wash this towel, please.
2. Prohibition.
• Don’t + V (+ O).
Example : Don’t close it!
• Don’t + V (+ O) + Please.
Example : Don’t be noise, please.
• Would you mind not + V-ing (+ O).
Example : Would you mind not reading my diary.
Kinds of giving instruction :
• Verb 1.
Example :
Wash your hand.
Eat your meal.
Sit down.
• Be + adjective.
Example :
Be your self.
Be a good student.
Be strong.
Be happy.
• Don’t + V-infinitive.
Example :
Don’t armb!
Don’t eat!
Don’t approach!
Don’t disturb!
Don’t touch!
• No + V-ing.
Example :
No smooking!
No swimming!
No parking!
No fishing!
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Sympathy expressions
Sympathy expressions
Sympathy expressions used to expression sympathy felling or care to someone who has problem or accident.
Kinds of expressing sympathy :
That’s awfull.
That’s a shame. Poor you.
That’s a pity. I express my deeps.
That’s a terrible.
That’s too bad.
That’s dread full.
What a shame.
What a pity.
How terrible!
How dread full!
I’m sorry to hear that.
I’m sorry to know that.
I’m sympathy with you.
I’m so sad to hear that.
I’m so sad to know that.
I can sympathy.
I know the felling.
I know what you feel.
Oh no………
Oh dear………!
Accepting sympathy :
Thank you.
Thanks.
Thank you very much.
Thank you so much.
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Gaining attention
Gaining attention
Gaining attention is expression that used to get attention or response from somebody.
Kinds of expressing gaining attention :
• Attention please.
• May/can I have you attention please.
• Excuse me.
• Look here.
• Look at me, please.
• Listen to me, please.
• Waiter.
• I hope you can attention me.
• I’m sorry, but……….
• Silent, please.
• Be quite.
• Don’t be noisy!
Showing attention :
• Look at you.
• How beautiful!
• That’s wonderful!
• What’s the matter?
• Is everything alright?
• That’s terrific!
• Oh really? Is it true.
• Oh my God. What happens?
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Rabu, 23 Desember 2009
Appointment
Appointment
Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct an appointment.
Kind of appointment expression are :
1. Making an appointment.
• I’d like to make an appointment with……….
• I want to make an appointment to see…………..
• I’d like you to come and see me.
• Can we meet at………..
• Can I come and see you?
2. Accepting an appointment.
• All right, see you there.
• I’ll be there.
• Be there on time.
• OK, wait a minute.
• Yes, I’ll come.
• I’ll wait for you there.
• No problem, I’m free on.
• It’s a deal.
• Surely.
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Invitation
Invitation
Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
There are two types of invitation:
FORMAL INVITATION
Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.
INFORMAL INVITATION
Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.
Extending (mengundang)
• I would like to invite you to come to my house
• Would you like to come to my restaurant?
• If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
• Are you free this evening?
• Let’s go to the Jazz Festival!
• Can you come?
• Please try to come
• We hope you’ll join us
• If you don’t have any other plans, would you come to the café?
note: frase yang bergaris bawah bisa diganti
Accepting (menerima)
• I’d love to
• I like that
• That sounds great
• Thank you for the invitation
• That would be wonderful
• I’d be glad to
• That sounds like fun
• It’s very nice of you to invite me
Declining (menolak) / refusing
• I’d love to, but I can’t
• I’m really sorry because I can’t come
• Sorry, I’m really busy
• I’d love to, but I won’t be able to
• I’d love to but I don’t think I can
Example
Yosia : Would you like to come to my birthday party ?
Jenny : Yes, that sounds great . I will come .
Yosia : Thank you !
Yosia : Ok i will wait you on next saturday at 7 P.M
Jenny : Good ! See you !
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Invitation
2. Appointment
3. Happiness Expression
4. Gaining Attention
5. Sympathy Expressions
6. Giving Instructions
7. Announcements
8. Recount Text
9. Narrative Text
10. Procedure Text
11. Past Tense
12. Present tense
13. Greetings
14. writing: autobiography
15 Reading: analyze characters, setting etc
16 Vocabs: Shapes, Parts of Body
17 Perfect tense: PPT
18 Listening: Make Me A Copy, Please
19 Speaking: Speech
20. AdvertisementRead More
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